Construction and validation of an educational booklet for patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery: a methodological study.

OBJECTIVE: to construct and validate an educational booklet for self-care of patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery. METHODS: methodological study, including bibliographic survey, construction of the booklet and validation with judges and the target audience. For validation with judges, the Health Educational Content Validation Instrument was used, and with the target audience, an instrument was used with questions related to organization, writing style, appearance and motivation. To analyze the judges' answers, the content validation index was used. RESULTS: the booklet was prepared with 14 topics. The content validation index among the eight judges was 1 and the concordance index among the ten patients was above 80%. The final version of the material was made available in printed format. CONCLUSION: the educational booklet was developed and validated by judges and the target audience, serving as an educational support tool for self-care of patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery.

Construction and validation of an educational booklet for patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery: a methodological study / Construcción y validación de folleto educativo para pacientes en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca: estudio metodológico / Construção e validação de cartilha educativa para pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca: estudo metodológico

ABSTRACT Objective: to construct and validate an educational booklet for self-care of patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery Methods: methodological study, including bibliographic survey, construction of the booklet and validation with judges and the target audience. For validation with judges, the Health Educational Content Validation Instrument was used, and with the target audience, an instrument was used with questions related to organization, writing style, appearance and motivation. To analyze the judges' answers, the content validation index was used Results: the booklet was prepared with 14 topics. The content validation index among the eight judges was 1 and the concordance index among the ten patients was above 80%. The final version of the material was made available in printed format Conclusion: the educational booklet was developed and validated by judges and the target audience, serving as an educational support tool for self-care of patients in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery.

RESUMEN Objetivo: construir y validar un folleto educativo para el autocuidado de pacientes en postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca. Métodos: estudio metodológico, con levantamiento bibliográfico, construcción del folleto y validación por jueces y público-objeto. Para la validación de los jueces, se utilizó el Instrumento de Validación del Contenido Educativo en salud y con el público-objeto, un instrumento con preguntas relacionadas a la organización, estilo de la escritura, apariencia y motivación. Para analizar las respuestas de los jueces, se utilizó el índice de validación del contenido. Resultados: el folleto se elaboró con 14 temas. El índice de validación entre los ocho jueces fue 1 y el índice de acuerdo entre los diez pacientes, superior al 80%. La versión final se puso a disposición en formato impreso. Conclusión: el folleto educativo fue desarrollado y validado por jueces y público objeto como herramienta educativa para apoyar el autocuidado de pacientes en el postoperatorio de cirugía cardíaca.

RESUMO Objetivo: construir e validar uma cartilha educativa para o autocuidado de pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca. Métodos: estudo metodológico, incluindo levantamento bibliográfico, construção da cartilha e validação com juízes e com o público-alvo. Para validação com juízes, utilizou-se o Instrumento de Validação de Conteúdo Educativo em saúde e com o público-alvo utilizou-se um instrumento com questões relacionadas à organização, estilo da escrita, aparência e motivação. Para análise das respostas dos juízes foi utilizado o índice de validação de conteúdo. Resultados: a cartilha foi elaborada com 14 tópicos. O índice de validação de conteúdo entre os oito juízes foi de 1 e o índice de concordância entre os dez pacientes acima de 80%. A versão final do material foi disponibilizada no formato impresso. Conclusão: a cartilha educativa foi desenvolvida e validada por juízes e público-alvo, servindo como uma ferramenta educativa de apoio para o autocuidado de pacientes no pós-operatório de cirurgia cardíaca.

Cirurgia cardíaca: perfil clínico dos pacientes e acompanhamento em 30 dias / Cardiac surgery: clinical profile of patients and 30-day follow-up / Cirugía cardíaca: perfil clínico del paciente y seguimiento en el período de 30 días

Objetivo: Caracterizar o perfil clínico dos pacientes submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca no perioperatório e descrever o acompanhamento após 30 dias da alta hospitalar. Método: Estudo retrospectivo, com amostra de 54 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, com idade ≥18 anos, submetidos à cirurgia cardíaca. As variáveis analisadas foram: sociodemográficas, clínicas e relacionadas ao perioperatório e seguimento em 30 dias. Resultados: A média de idade dos pacientes foi de 65,5±15 anos; a maioria do sexo masculino (79,6%). Fatores de risco mais prevalentes: hipertensão (72,2%), dislipidemia (48,1%) e cardiopatia isquêmica (31,5%). Os procedimentos valvares tiveram maior prevalência (50,0%). A complicação mais prevalente no pós-operatório foi arritmia (18,5%). No pós-alta, o uso das estatinas predominou (78,4%), seguido de antiagregante plaquetário (50,9%) e anticoagulante (31,3%). Após 30 dias da alta hospitalar, houve 11,7% de readmissões, sendo a infecção respiratória/derrame pleural e a infecção de sítio cirúrgico as principais causas de reinternação. Conclusão: Os pacientes cardícos foram na maioria homens, idosos e que apresentavam comorbidades; arritmia foi a principal complicação após a cirúrgia. A incidência de readmissão após 30 dias da alta foi relacionada a comprometimentos pulmonares e infecciosos.

Objective: To characterize the clinical profile of patients who underwent cardiac surgery in the perioperative period and describe the follow-up after 30 days of hospital discharge. Method: Retrospective study, with a sample of 54 patients, both male and female, aged ≥18 years. The analyzed variables were: sociodemographic, clinical and those related to the perioperative period and 30-day follow-up. Results: The mean age of patients was 65.5±15 years; most were male (79.6%). The most prevalent risk factors were: hypertension (72.2%), dyslipidemia (48.1%) and ischemic heart disease (31.5%). Valve procedures had higher prevalence (50.0%). The most prevalent complication in the postoperative period was arrhythmia (18.5%). At post­discharge, statins (78.4%) were the most prevalent medication, followed by antiplatelet agents (50.9%) and anticoagulants (31.3%). After 30 days of hospital discharge, the percentage of readmission was 11.7%, being the main causes of readmission respiratory infection/pleural effusion and surgical site infection. Conclusion: Surgical patients were mostly elderly men who had comorbidities; arrhythmia was the main complication found after surgery. The incidence of readmission 30 days after discharge was related to pulmonary complications and infections.

Objetivo: Caracterizar el perfil clínico de los pacientes sometidos a cirugía cardíaca en el período perioperatorio y describir el seguimiento a los 30 días del alta hospitalaria. Método: Estudio retrospectivo, con una muestra de 54 pacientes, de ambos sexos, ≥18 años, sometidos a cirugía cardíaca. Las variables analizadas fueron: sociodemográficas, clínicas y relacionadas con el período perioperatorio y seguimiento en 30 días. Resultados: La edad media de los pacientes fue de 65,5±15 años; la mayoría eran hombres (79,6%). Factores de riesgo más prevalentes: hipertensión (72,2%), dislipidemia (48,1%) y cardiopatía isquémica (31,5%). Los procedimientos valvulares tuvieron una mayor prevalencia (50,0%). La complicación más prevalente en el postoperatorio fue la arritmia (18,5%). Al alta, predominó el uso de estatinas (78,4%), seguido de antiagregantes plaquetarios (50,9%) y anticoagulantes (31,3%). Treinta días después del alta hospitalaria hubo un 11,7% de reingresos, siendo la infección respiratoria/derrame pleural y la infección del sitio quirúrgico las principales causas de reingreso. Conclusión: Los pacientes cardíacos eran en su mayoría hombres, ancianos y con comorbilidades; la arritmia fue la principal complicación después de la cirugía. La incidencia de reingreso a los 30 días del alta se relacionó con alteraciones pulmonares e infecciosas.

Low body mass index is associated with a positive response during a head-up tilt test.

BACKGROUND: To describe the association between body mass index (BMI) and a positive response during a head-up tilt test (HUT) in patients referred for an investigation of syncope. METHODS: Observational study of patients referred for the diagnostic evaluation of syncope. Patients were divided into four groups according to their BMI: <18.5 kg/m(2), 18.5-24.9 kg/m(2), 25-29.9 kg/m(2), and > 30 kg/m(2). RESULTS: A total of 419 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 43 ± 22 years, and 62% were female. The prevalence of a positive tilt test was different between groups when stratified by BMI (P = 0.01), with a higher proportion of patients with positive tests among those with BMI <18.5 kg/m(2) compared with other groups (P = 0.05). Multivariate analysis also showed that underweight patients had a 3.9 times higher risk for a positive HUT response (P = 0.01); additionally, the use of contraceptive drugs was associated with a protective effect during HUT (odds ratio: 0.35, confidence interval: 0.19-0.45, P = 0.001). CONCLUSION: In our sample, changes in BMI are associated with a positive response for HUT, and oral contraceptives seemed to protect against this response. Further studies are needed with larger numbers of patients to corroborate this finding.